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Charles Ramsay Preached using Cartoons; for 43 Years the Pentecostal Evangel was hisĀ Pulpit — Flower Pentecostal Heritage Center
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Kicking Final/Unconditional Perseverance Out of Anglicanism
I’m not surprised that James Clark’s piece on Final Perseverance and the Thirty-nine Articles [Commentary on Browne: Article XVI (2)] is a difficult of a business at it is. It is an issue that has been complicated by the passage of time, by the change in the way Protestant Christianity has come to look at itself, and of the Anglican divines who are all over the map on the issue.
It is my conviction that Article XVI is the doorway out of Calvinism’s insistence on final perseverance and into a more Wesleyan view of the topic, which I expressed a long time ago in my piece Anglican Evangelicalism: The Limitations of Augustinian Theology (and, as Clark points out, Augustine wasn’t always clear on the subject.) These points are what I hold to be self-evident on the subject:
- The Articles of Religion antedate the invasion of Calvinism into the Anglophone Protestant world. So to expect them to be Calvinistic is anachronistic and unreasonable.
- Calvinism has pushed itself to be the “gold standard” of Protestant thought when in fact does not deserve that position. It sets itself up as “intellectual” when in fact it is not, it is just the assertion of dogmas with unappetising consequences from which Calvinists frequently backpedal.
- The strongest case to be made against final perseverance as the proper interpretation of Article XVI can be found in the Book of Common Prayer. All three of the major liturgies–Morning Prayer, Evening Prayer, and the Holy Communion–have penitential rites, which are totally superfluous if people have unconditional perseverance (which is a better way of describing what is actually at issue here. They’re really not necessary for absolute predestination, either.) Some Anglican divines haven’t quite put it together on this, but the Baptists–Calvinistic and non-Calvinistic on election–certainly have.
- The whole game of “was he/she ever saved/elect to start with” is really no better than the Roman Catholic “is he/she in a state of grace” situation. It just replaces one uncertainty with another, except that now if a person becomes firmly convinced that he or she is one of the elect they have no real reason to be constrained in their behaviour.
- Baptismal regeneration only complicates the subject. It is at best the beginning of the journey, not the end. The tendency to lean too heavily on baptism as a salvific act is another import from Roman Catholicism we could do without, and my own position on the subject is detailed in Why I Support the Idea of Believers’ Baptism. I should also add that I can’t see even the most die-hard Tulip Calvinist supporting the idea that, if you’re baptised, you’re in the elect.
It’s time for Anglicanism to be sui generis on this subject, which would both put it in commonality with its progeny and go a long way to end its reputation as a gateway to something else.
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Jimmy Buffett Goes to Meet God
Singer-songwriter Jimmy Buffett, who popularized beach bum soft rock with the escapist Caribbean-flavored song āMargaritavilleā and turned that celebration of loafing into a billion-dollar empire of restaurants, resorts and frozen concoctions, has died. He was 76.
In the process of that famous song he showed a better grasp of responsibility than many
“church people,” as I pointed out in Jimmy Buffett and the Miserable Offenders of the Book of CommonĀ Prayer, where I referenced an earlier post about the same subject in the Novus Ordo Missae:As far as the sins are concerned, the Roman Catholic Churchās (the Jesuits of Pascalās days notwithstanding) emphasis on the seriousness of our sins is well founded, and anyone with a Biblical understanding of the subject should know this. Even some whose Biblical understanding falls short know this too. In the same 1970ās when the āoldā NOM translation was current in Catholic Churches, Jimmy Buffett, wasting away in Margaritaville, knew all too well whose fault it was. His lyrics, although liturgically inappropriate, were in their own way closer to the NOM Latin original than what was recited every Sunday.
One of these days we’re going to face reality on whose fault our sins really are. Miserable offenders who know it’s our fault, our most grievous fault just might blurt out Buffett’s admission. And, as someone who came of age just up U.S. 1 and A1A from “Margaritaville,” it wouldn’t be very nice but it would be truthful and refreshing.
Memory eternal.
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Is There No End to This Madness? Anglicans and the Immaculate Conception
Recently the North American Anglican took up the issue (quite ably I might add) of the Immaculate Conception. This implies that there are Anglicans out there who actually believe that the Blessed Mother was in fact immaculately conceived, i.e., conceived without sin.
As the NAA points out, the church’s witness to this is not univocal, certainly not before the bull Ineffabilis Deus in 1854 and really not afterward. Aquinas, who certainly believed that Mary was infused with many graces after her conception, did not support the Immaculate Conception. The question is discussed in the Summa and his answer to it is as follows:
The sanctification of the Blessed Virgin cannot be understood as having taken place before animation, for two reasons. First, because the sanctification of which we are speaking, is nothing but the cleansing from original sin: for sanctification is a “perfect cleansing,” as Dionysius says (Div. Nom. xii). Now sin cannot be taken away except by grace, the subject of which is the rational creature alone. Therefore before the infusion of the rational soul, the Blessed Virgin was not sanctified.
Secondly, because, since the rational creature alone can be the subject of sin; before the infusion of the rational soul, the offspring conceived is not liable to sin. And thus, in whatever manner the Blessed Virgin would have been sanctified before animation, she could never have incurred the stain of original sin: and thus she would not have needed redemption and salvation which is by Christ, of whom it is written (Matthew 1:21): “He shall save His people from their sins.” But this is unfitting, through implying that Christ is not the “Saviour of all men,” as He is called (1 Timothy 4:10). It remains, therefore, that the Blessed Virgin was sanctified after animation.
ST, 3, 27, 2My logic teacher, who pointed out to me one time that Youāre Not as Dumb as YouĀ Look, noted that, if Mary was immaculately conceived, such could be extended back to her parents and beyond, all the way back to Adam.
I really think that the desire to go along with this manifests the desire to “keep up with the Joneses,” when, like the Patriarch Nikon and his allies in Moscow, we need to stop and consider just who the Joneses really are.
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Chasing That Elusive Creature Called “Catholicity” in Anglicanism
One following the news in the Anglican Communion will know of the steady stream of persons, including clergy, who have moved to Roman Catholicism or to Eastern Orthodoxy.Ā Fr. Alexander WilgusĀ thinks we have grossly misunderstood the phenomenonās roots. The moves do not expose a weak self-understanding and feeble self-confidence in Anglicanismās Protestant rootsātraits which, combined, lead to dabbling in other traditions before jumping ship for them.
As someone who started out in the “Old High Church” and passed through Roman Catholicism just coming out of Vatican II, I find this debate frustrating because there are too many terms which are used “equivocally,” as the Scholastics would say. I have a few observations which may add heat, light, or a mixture of the two to the whole discussion:
- It’s true that High Church Episcopalians/Anglicans have undermined confidence in their own spirituality by leaning on ceremony too much, something I observed in Thereās Catholicism and Then Thereāsā¦. Over-reliance on ceremony can lead people to think that “If they miss a step in the playbook, the sacraments are invalid,” which may not be the idea but may end up being the impression left. That’s a lesson that Trad Catholics would do well to learn.
- There’s too great a tendency to equate “Protestant” and “Reformed” these days. I’ve said it before and I’ll say it again: Anglicanism isn’t a Reformed religion because both its Articles of Religion and its BCP’s do not support the idea of unconditional perseverance (among other reasons.) Just because the Reformed people have done such a good sales job convincing so many they’re the true Protestants doesn’t make it so. It’s also worth noting that “Catholicity” is also an equivocal term in its own right, as the internal struggles the RCC is going through show.
- As discussed in Book Review: Trevor Gervase Jallandās The Church and theĀ Papacy, the Church of Rome had one job:
The second is that the principal objective in bishops of Rome exerting this primacy was to insure that the faith which was handed down by the apostlesātheĀ paradosis, to use the transliterated Greek term that Jalland employs frequentlyāwas preserved and maintained.Ā That brought a conservatism to the way Rome responded to the many doctrinal crises that came from the East, a salutary one in most cases.
I think it’s fair to ask whether the Occupants of the See of Peter have botched the job or not, especially after the collapse of the Western Empire. The Reformation in its entirety rests on the assumption that they have, and we have a current Occupant who is doing his best to remind everyone of that failure.
Roman Catholicism is certainly capable of making it all work, as I noted in my book review of Bossuet’s History of the Variations of the Protestant Churches:
TheĀ VariationsĀ were Bossuetās efforts to show the serious problems inherent in the Reformed churches.Ā So how successful was he? Part of how successful he seems depends upon how you accept his view of Roman Catholicism.Ā A Roman Catholicism which is more like Bossuet envisions itāconscious of Scripture, independent of the state, Augustinian in theologyāwould be a better entity to adhere to than the one that he had then and we have now.Ā A big part of the problem is that theĀ reverends pĆØres jesuites, or at least one in particular (Pope Francis,) are once again propagating theirĀ morale accommodante, as they did in Bossuetās France (much to its long-term detriment.)Ā Unfortunately then and now the situation is more complicated, but Bossuet tends to ignore this.
But all too often they do not rise to the occasion.
Anglicanism, with all of its institutional problems, was and is a reasonable attempt to bring Christianity back closer to its roots. It is not perfect. If it spent as much time worrying about the calibre of its parishioners and less on how close to Rome or Constantinople it is, we would all be better off.
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Is Christianity Darwinian?
Recently I did a “link post” to The shadow of Pax Romana āUnherd. It’s an interview with Tom Holland about “Roman sex lives, Christian morality, and the rise and fall of empires.” In it Holland makes an interesting statement the likes of which one doesn’t see very often:
I think that the thing that enables people in the long run to continue feeling Roman, even when the sinews of government have been cut, and the imperial hold has gone, is that they retain a shared identity as Roman which has come to be fused with Christianity. And the reason that Christianity is so successful ā the reason, if youāre looking at it in Darwinian terms, why itās adopted ā is that, in this period that Pax covers, this is a world that is full of different cultural centres. You can go and pay sacrifice to someone in northern Britain, or in Syria, and these are all gods. But in the long run, the heft of these cultural centres depends on them being local. I mean, as with the temple in Jerusalem, itās the fact that they are local that matters. Christianity changes that.
It’s not very often that “Christianity” and “Darwinian” appear together. As Holland notes, there are many who think that Christianity sapped the energy of Rome and led to its collapse. He does not. Christianity managed to fuse Roman identity into itself, something that not even the East-West split changed (the Empire itself had split long before that.) Christianity survived; Rome did not, something that left it behind China. That, in a real sense, is Darwinian.
Today we’re told that the choice is between some kind of theism and some kind of Darwinism. The wedge used to split the two is the theodicy issue. How could a good God allow so much evil in the world? Especially when it happens to me? Unfortunately, turning towards a more secular view doesn’t really solve that problem, it just deprives someone to blame. Bad things continue to happen, some of which is natural but increasingly more of which is self-inflicted, something I pointed out in Wonder Where Evil Comes From? Try theĀ Mirror.
Today we live in a world where many think that things should always go our way and get petulant and upset when they don’t. Unfortunately a Darwinian view doesn’t really buttress this concept of life. The easiest way is to look at the title of Darwin’s best known work: The Origin of the Species. The survival and propagation of a species is the ultimate end game; the loss of individuals, except when enough of them lose at once (as was the case with the dinosaurs) is, to put it coldly, incidental. In some cases the loss of individuals can be seen as a way to advance the rest of the species. In such a system it is ultimately the aggregate advancement which counts; individual survival depends upon and in turn buttresses the survival of the group.
In many ways that was the ethic I was brought up on, something I expand on in my post If I Started the way @BartCampolo Did, I Wouldn’t Believe in God Either. To answer the question of “Why did God not prevent _______ from happening to me?” the reply was “Why should he?” If you get a whiff of Deism out of that, you should. But ultimately the answer to this question goes beyond that and gets to the solution: the offset to the indignities of this life is not found in this life but in the next, infinite one. The “slings and arrows” that the “losers” in this life have to endure are more than made up in the benefit of eternity with God.
Ultimately for all individuals the problems of this life are sorted out in the infinite one that comes after. That wasn’t immediately apparent to God’s chosen people, something that is evident with thoughtful consideration of the Old Testament. As the author of Hebrews puts it, “God, who, of old, at many times and in many ways, spoke to our ancestors, by the Prophets, has in these latter days spoken to us by the Son, whom he appointed the heir of all things, and through whom he made the universe.” (Hebrews 1:1-2 TCNT) That goes against the literalism of atheist and fundamentalist alike (and those who are some of both) but it is consistent with the concept of inspiration given to us in the Scriptures. (Their idea is more consistent with that of Islam, but that has its own difficulties.)
Our problem these days is that Christianity, in its quest to be “relevant,” has let eternity fade in the background to the benefits of the faith in this life. This is a mistake. Christianity has been criticised for being “pie in the sky,” but these days, with the oligarchs and the left hand in hand and real concerns of survival shunted aside for “faculty lounge” issues, the pie in the sky is the only pie really visible. In the hour when we need the comfort of eternity the most those who one would expect to be its most enthusiastic proponents are simply out to lunch.
Worse than this, we hear in Christian circles stuff that would make those “Darwinian” Late Roman Christians wince. It is easy for us to adopt a sub-Christian sexualised and racialised agenda in the face of what is shoved down our throat, but that’s a mistake. Those Darwinian Late Roman Christians, for all of their faults, pushed back against a patronage and sexualised culture, even to the point of keeping civil “servants” out of the priesthood (assuming they lived long enough to get there.) Evangelicals love to trash these people as having corrupted our faith, but they’re not doing much better. And as far as transcending their empire, we have so hog-tied our Christian identity to that of the empire that I can’t see how Christianity in this country will survive its demise in anything like its present form.
Earlier this year at a restaurant I ate a dish called “tacos al pastor.” So I told a Guatemalan friend who actually pastors a church that I ate his lunch. We as Christians need to wake up and stop putting in the back the issues that should be in the front. Otherwise, like some others, we, out to lunch, will find that someone else has already eaten it.
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Gustav H. Schmidt Describes the Horror of Soviet Persecution of Pentecostals in theĀ 1930’s — Flower Pentecostal Heritage Center
In 1988, my own church took in 24 Ukrainian Pentecostals for resettlement in the U.S. (Well, they were a mixture of Ukrainians and Russians, but they were from the Ukraine, southwest of Kiev.) It was one of those experiences that doesn’t happen often in life. We got to know people who had endured this kind of persecution, including being shipped off to Siberia and becoming “orphans” because their parents were in prison and couldn’t raise them. You can read about some of their family members in the post Overcoming Obstacles: A Reminder For UsĀ All.
But we also found people (especially the younger ones whose persecution wasn’t as hard as their parents and grandparents) who were fun to be around. It was also my first introduction to Russian and Ukrainian people and culture, one what would prove very educational and dominate my life for the next decade.
Today, as the article states, half a million Slavic Pentecostals have settled in the U.S., a living reminder of what happens when the country turns its back on God and hates his followers.
A couple of other lessons from these people are here:

