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@holysmoke: The "un-English and un-Manly" Hit the Wall
Translated, Church of England Anglo-Catholics:
From the moment the General Synod voted for women priests in 1992, it was inevitable that it would also vote for women bishops…Conservative Anglo-Catholics now face a simple choice: stay in an established Church that has reaffirmed its liberal Protestantism by this vote, or seek full communion with Rome, either as ordinary Catholics or as members of a self-governing Ordinariate that celebrates Mass in Cranmerian English.
Couldn’t have said it better myself, although I’ve tried before.
The “un-English and un-Manly” business comes from David Hilliard’s brilliant piece on nineteenth century Anglo-Catholicism and homosexuality. But as Damian Thompson goes on to point out:
I hope they move to Rome, but I can understand why many Anglo-Catholics – especially those in gay partnerships – will find it easier to stay put. I just wish they’d ditch the pretence of being Roman Catholics in all but name. Last week I saw their leader, Bishop Jonathan Baker of Fulham, swanning down Notting Hill Gate in a bright pink Roman soutane. I bet Jorge Bergoglio never wore such a garment in the streets of Buenos Aires. And it did make me think that, these days, Anglo-Catholicism is mostly about dressing up.
Some things never change.
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Where Your Treasure Is, There Your Church Planting Will Be Also
The Episcopalians haven’t done much church planting these days:
Over on Episcopal Café, blogger Jim Naughton recently asked the question: “Why doesn’t the Episcopal Church plant more churches?”
Arizona Episcopal Priest Susan Brown Snook sparked the conversation by pointing out that in 2012, the entire Episcopal Church planted just three congregations. To place that into perspective, since its formation in 2009, the relatively small Anglican Church in North America (ACNA) — which reports one-eighth the attendance of the Episcopal Church — has planted 488 new congregations. My understanding is that most of the other oldline churches are in a similar state – the Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) planted a total of four congregations in its most recent reporting year.
Walton assures us that “It isn’t too surprising that an oldline church would plant less than a newer denomination: oldine churches often have established congregations in most communities…” But he overlooks a little recent history in his analysis.
Since the Anglican Revolt really got into high gear in 2003, the Episcopal Church has, in round figures, spent around USD 40,000,000 in litigation to keep their property. And that process in ongoing, as the current trial in South Carolina will attest. Why is this?
- Because they could.
- Because Americans attach a special pastiche to “getting justice” in court.
- Because the current Presiding Bishop is mean and vindictive.
- Because they thought the existing properties were a major draw for the church.
But, if priorities had been different, those funds could have been spent on church planting and other similar activities. That was one of the hues and cries in my church a little while back: that the central church should support more church planting, although local churches are really better at it. (It’s possible for the centre to subsidise local church activity, but that’s another post). And that money could have been supplemented by funds obtained when selling property to seceding congregations.
Successful people and institutions prioritise, and commit their resources to what’s important for them. Since the Episcopal Church has traditionally had successful people in its naves, you’d think that they’d understand this. Or perhaps they do; evidently grinding down congregations and dioceses which want to leave the church is a priority for them. That strategy, however, isn’t one to foster the growth of the church.
So my message to Naughton and people of his style of mind is simple: stop complaining about the lack of church plants and look at where your church is committing its resources.
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So Who Are My Mother and My Brothers? Part II
The oldest Pentecostal educational institution that I am aware of is the Holmes Bible College in Greenville, SC. For many years Dr. Paul F. Beacham was its President, impacting the lives of many of his students. In his 1950 book Questions and Answers on the Scriptures and Related Subjects (published by the Pentecostal Holiness Church publishing house), he makes a very interesting statement, which I will cite in its entirety:
Q. Did Jesus have any brothers and sisters?
From my study of the matter in question, it is my opinion that Jesus did not have any half brothers and sisters in the flesh. I know there are people who feel that they have good reason not to accept the idea that I hold, but I feel that while it does not eliminate all questions, there is more support for this than any other view of it. Without enlarging too much upon the subject, I mention two reasons for holding to the view I have expressed. First, if the four men and sisters were the children of Mary, this would mean that at least six children were born after Christ, and were grown up sufficiently to be generally known when Jesus was about thirty-one years of age. This, of course, might have been possible, but I hardly think it is probable. Second, it hardly seems reasonable that when Jesus was crucified He would have committed His mother to the care of John if there had been several of her own children who could have cared for her. Since the question is debatable, it is fortunate that no one’s salvation depends upon it, but I have given my opinion. The persons mentioned as brothers, could have been children of Joseph by a former marriage, but I rather think they were cousins with whom Jesus grew up. Lot was the nephew of Abraham, but he is called his brother, which was not out of harmony with their manner of expressing relationship (Gen. 13:8, 14:14).
It is interesting to compare this to Jerome:
You say that the mother of the Lord was present at the cross, you say that she was entrusted to the disciple John on account of her widowhood and solitary condition: as if upon your own showing, she had not four sons, and numerous daughters, with whose solace she might comfort herself? You also apply to her the name of widow which is not found in Scripture. And although you quote all instances in the Gospels, the words of John alone displease you. You say in passing that she was present at the cross, that you may not appear to have omitted it on purpose, and yet not a word about the women who were with her. I could pardon you if you were ignorant, but I see you have a reason for your silence… In Genesis (Genesis 13:8, 11) we read,
And Abram said unto Lot, Let there be no strife, I pray you, between me and you, and between my herdmen and your herdmen; for we are brethren.
And again,So Lot chose him all the plain ofJordan, and Lot journeyed east: and they separated each from his brother.
Certainly Lot was not Abraham’s brother, but the son of Abraham’s brother Aram. ForTerah begot Abraham and Nahor and Aram: and Aram begot Lot. Again we read, (Genesis 12:4)And Abram was seventy and five years old when he departed out ofHaran. And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother’s son.
But if you still doubt whether a nephew can be called a son, let me give you an instance. (Genesis 14:14)And when Abram heard that his brother was taken captive, he led forth his trained men, born in his house, three hundred and eighteen.
And after describing the night attack and the slaughter, he adds,And he brought back all the goods, and also brought again his brother Lot.
(Against Helvidius, 15, 16)Obviously Beacham is not arguing for Mary’s perpetual virginity. But a necessary prerequisite for that idea is that Our Lord be only-begotten in both of his natures. It is the rare Protestant who will assert that Jesus’ brothers, so designated in the New Testament, are not in fact the sons of Joseph and Mary.
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The Church as Club: My Response to Frank Matthew Powell
I was recently directed to Frank Matthew Powell’s blog post
Dear American Church…I Am Not Renewing My Membership This Year. He’s touched on a subject I’ve mon occasion but now need to take up in earnest: the church as a club.Most people who decry the church becoming a private club have never spent much time in one. That’s not my problem: I come from a long line of people who spent a lot more time in private clubs than in the church. This tradition goes back to the nineteenth century, so no nouveaux riches jokes either. So when I read Powell’s points about the church being a club, I look at it from the standpoint of “is he really being fair to the clubs”? Or, perhaps, to the church?
So without further introduction let me address his points on his idea (and mine) on the similarities and differences between churches and clubs:
I am not sure Jesus died for a club. If you were or are Reformed, you actually are, as Reformed theology tells us that Jesus died only for the elect.
PEOPLE IN CLUBS POUR TIME AND RESOURCES BACK INTO THEMSELVES. If it’s an equity club, or if it’s owned collectively by the membership (as opposed to, say, the developer) that’s true. The problem with that (as my mother, of blessed memory, used to point out) is that the membership ends up spending a great deal of money (collected through assessments of the entire membership) on self-aggrandising improvements driven by the “big wigs” in the club.
It’s certainly true that churches have all of this. That’s one reason many of our churches have expensive physical plant that’s underutilised and hard to pay for. The obvious “club” solution to the problem would be to keep control in the hands of our Developer, i.e, Jesus Christ. If we do that, it’s great. The problem we have is that those in leadership think that they speak with his voice univocally, with no need for advice from the membership. That’s the situation in churches such as the RCC (although, sadly, elsewhere too). Somewhere between the two extremes the church–and the club for that matter–need to operate.
PEOPLE IN CLUBS VALUE COMFORT AND SECURITY. To some extent, that’s the mission of the church: to help bring people the comfort and security that only life in Jesus Christ can bring. So why is it unreasonable to expect the church to excel in this?
PEOPLE IN CLUBS KEEP CONVERSATIONS IN THE SHALLOW END OF THE POOL. That they do, indeed. I would say, however, that the most memorable churches where the shallowness of the conversation matched that of the club are churches where a good part of the membership also holds membership in clubs. (Episcopalians, I’m talking to you). We also have those who make life superficial via their theology, but that’s another post…
PEOPLE IN CLUBS SEEK TO MAKE THEIR CLUB THE BEST AROUND. Competition between clubs is an interesting subject. My great-grandfather was a member (and Commodore) of the Lincoln Park Yacht Club before he and others switched to the Chicago Yacht Club, where he’d be Commodore (as was his son) and my family members for the next seventy years. The emergence of the Lincoln Park club forced the Chicago Yacht Club to reinvigourate itself, and the two eventually merged.
One of the things that differentiates American churches from their European counterparts is that the former work in a more competitive environment, which is one reason they’ve flourished the way they have. We should always want our churches to be the best and work towards that end. The place where churches get sidetracked is in losing focus on the mission and what we’re supposed to be “best” at.
PEOPLE IN CLUBS ONLY INVITE PEOPLE INTO THEIR LIVES THAT LOOK LIKE THEM. That’s true, although the definition of “looks like” has changed over the years. In the past we had clubs driven by ethnic and religious restrictions, which was very much the case when I grew up in Palm Beach and is still true somewhat today. Those have loosened in private clubs, although our elites, clubbed or not, have other enforced uniformities. The one thing that private clubs do demand is economic conformity, which they do through the dues and admission process.
I think we need to be more reasonable about this: in spite of the Pauline ideal of all things to all men, there are very few Evangelical churches which actually pull this off. Most of the ones that do are megachurches, and then we hear whining about their shortcomings. What most churches engage in is more of a “targeted marketing” type of approach, where the local church is aimed at a certain ethnic and socio-economic group, consciously or otherwise. Those of us who have worked in multiethnic denominations (an opportunity for which I am very grateful) know that truly multicultural churches are certainly doable but take a great deal of care.
PEOPLE IN CLUBS ARE DIVISIVE AND ARGUMENTATIVE. Club people are generally not this way unless either they a) have a lot of money on the round they’re playing, b) three sheets to the wind or c) both.
PEOPLE IN CLUBS VALUE KEEPING EVERYBODY HAPPY. It’s funny he brought this up, because recently my wife and I brought a friend from the Middle East to our church. His observation? He was impressed at how happy everyone was at the end of the service. In the mosque, everyone was sad. (One reason Kievan Rus didn’t adopt Islam as their religion was that the Muslims they saw were sad; the Orthodox, not a notoriously “happy clappy” bunch, beat them in that respect). Why shouldn’t people be happy in church? Do we want to replicate the mosque?
With those points out of the way, let’s take a few more lessons from the club.
CLUBS HELP YOU MEET IMPORTANT PEOPLE. When my great-grandfather and his fellow yachtsmen were working on getting the Canada’s Cup back, they got to meet the Governor-General. (And, with apologies to David Lloyd-Jones, we did get it back). The mission of the church in part is to get people to meet the most important person, Jesus Christ.
CLUBS ARE VERY IMPORTANT IN A CLOSED SOCIETY. Evangelicals have always bristled at the closed nature of private clubs, and churches which seemingly operate like one. That’s because American Evangelicals have always had the luxury of operating in an open society where an open church works best and we can give the feeling of being “mainstream”. Well, unless you live in a cave (and I suspect that many of you do) you know that real Evangelical Christianity is not mainstream. And now many others know that too. With society’s values slipping out of our grasp and the supposedly “levelling” Internet becoming a conduit for just about everything about us being sucked up by the state, unless we plan to be an extra in Apple’s 1984 Superbowl commercial we need to plan for a more closed society, as our bretheren in places like China experience. Under those conditions entering in may be more difficult, which is a club-like experience. The Church in the Roman Empire made people go through the catechumenate before baptism and for the most part didn’t worship in the open until after the Edict of Milan, so this isn’t anything new.
THE CLUB AND THE CHURCH CAN BE COMPETITORS. The aforementioned Episcopalians notwithstanding, in many ways clubs and churches are competitors, seeking to fulfil similar needs and wants. For many it’s a “both/and” proposition, but for some it’s an “either/or” matter.
I’m not sure that this diatribe will get Mr. Powell where he wants to go. I’m aware, teaching as I do at the undergraduate level, that (with exceptions) Millenials have been socialised differently, which is one reason churches have struggled to bring them in. Much of the “back door” problem can be attributed to the way churches sequester their young people in their own church, which makes adult church an alien experience when they’re ejected into it along with their high school diploma. But trashing the club, or any other social institution, won’t bring us success. American Christianity has always been a part of civic life, and as that civic life has been crowded out getting people in church is more and more of a struggle. To address that we will need some institutional shifts, and perhaps there may be a few lessons from those exclusivistic institutions which are private clubs.
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David Moyer Does the Right Thing
By throwing the towel in as a priest:
During “The Watch” on Maundy Thursday, I did what I said I would do – in giving to our Lady (as Father Jay Hughes did) my priesthood. Whether I can resume it is up to God in Christ who called me to it many years ago. But in the reality of the present (and I don’t mean this to be some form of theological gymnastics for my benefit), “priesthood,” when a man is called to it, manifests itself in many ways – not just in liturgical ways, and in a designated position of parochial oversight for a particular parish church.
I’ve taken to criticism of some of the more interesting characters in the Anglican/Episcopal drama, and one of them is David Moyer. His saga with the Episcopal Church was an ordeal, and his attempt to enter the Roman Catholic Church as a priest was blocked by Fr. Jeffrey Steenson, Ordinary for the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of St. Peter. But now he has accepted Fr. Steenson’s conditions and entered the Church as a layman.
I’ve written a lot lately about high-profile Tiber swimmings (like this and this) but Moyer’s case is a little different, coming through the Anglo-Catholic world. But I think it meet and right to note someone who took the advice I gave another wandering Anglo-Catholic, John Hepworth:
There’s life after ministerial credentials, to use the broad term. These days it’s not hard to make an impact on the Christian world without credentials/ordination, just look at the Anglican blogosphere. More importantly, though, your relationship with God is more important than the position you hold in the church or the colour of the shirt you wear. Don’t blow the former for the sake of the latter, for you or anyone else.
In doing this, he’s also put his convictions ahead of his personal desires. I believe God will honour that, and pray that David Moyer and his family will find blessings and peace in the Saviour.
P.S. The post re Moyer’s stepping down deleted several comments re John Hepworth, which is still, I suppose, an ongoing saga.
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Comments on the Agenda for the 2014 Church of God General Assembly
It’s that time of the biennium again: Lord willing, the Church of God will gather in Orlando towards the end of next month to consider the business of the church. One think that makes this Assembly different is that there are no Executive Committee members to be elected, although the state Administrative Bishops will go through their usual “musical chairs” rotation.
Nevertheless there are some interesting items on the agenda, along with stuff that’s best described as “housekeeping”. (And, yes, we have an item of same-sex relationships, for my Anglican fans). You can download the agenda here and more information on the General Assembly is here. (Note: it’s described as the “General Council Agenda” because that body of our ordained bishops must deliberate and pass on the items before they get to the General Assembly of the church). The following comments are mostly listed by agenda item:
NAME OF CHURCH (p.15)
This reflects an interesting trend in our churches. In the past, Church of God were designated by their geographical location and the denomination name. Today people are supposed to be allergic to denominations (even when they have no idea of what the Church of God is) so we have inventive names such as “Cathedral of Praise” and “Ministry Centre”. I also suspect that the geographical name gave too much away the part of town we were in, but I’ll bet they’d have thought twice about changing the name of a “Worth Avenue Church of God” had it been organised.
CHURCH AND STATE (p. 17)
This isn’t the usual stuff on this subject, but a deletion of our preference for a democratic form of secular government. This may seem odd, but I suspect we’re taking it out for the benefit of our bretheren in countries where it makes the government angry. It can also be interpreted as a backhanded acknowledgement of the fact that, for all the money and time we throw at our electoral process, our status as a functioning representative government is deficient to say the least.
INTERNSHIP REQUIREMENTS (p. 47)
In the process of credentialing ministers, this would allow them to get their experience requirements as a chaplain in addition to ministry in a local church. This is long overdue; chaplaincy is too important to leave those called to it “outside the gates” of ordination.
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS OF APPLICANTS FOR MINISTRY (p. 49)
This requires that our ministers, in the process of their credentialing, actually “agree with and adhere to the Teachings and Doctrines as set forth by the International General Assembly of the Church of God” rather than just “inform themselves in the Teachings and Doctrines…” Refugees from the Episcopal Church and other Main Line churches will get a chuckle out of this. The revisionists who took over these institutions certainly informed themselves of the teachings of their churches, they just didn’t believe them!
MARRIAGE AND SAME-GENDER RELATIONSHIPS (p. 67)
Here’s where the fun part starts.
- This prohibits our ministers from performing either same-sex civil marriages or same-sex blessings, with loss of credentials following if they do. Evidently the hard lessons of our Main Line counterparts aren’t lost on our leadership. It’s interesting to note, however, that there is no explicit prohibition on opposite-sex blessings such as Bishop Leo Frade did for South Florida Episcopalians.
- This doesn’t address the issue of ministers being forced to perform same-sex civil marriages because they are agents of the state. The church needs to get out of the civil marriage business whether the state does or not. That reality is more apparent in places such as the UK, where the Sikhs already are de-registering their churches from performing civil marriages. Our church in the UK (which is considerable) should follow suit immediately on that.
- I’m not convinced that part (C) will prevent an attack based on the “public accommodation” argument re use of facilities. A stronger stance would include the requirement that Church of God ministers would only perform marriages if and only if at least one of the couple be a member of the Church of God.
- The Church of God needs to begin advocating for the abolition of civil marriage. I’ve discussed this elsewhere.
In short, this resolution is good as far as it goes, but it does not go far enough to defend the integrity of the church.
INTERNATIONAL GENERAL ASSEMBLY (p. 83)
We need to step up to the plate and go to a full quadrennial (four-year) cycle of elections, appointments and General Assemblies. Having cut the mandatory allocation to the State and International Offices by a third, and given the cost of the General Assembly, we’re doing the fiscally irresponsible by continuing the biennium. Moreover, having worked at the International Offices, I can assure you that the biennial cycle guarantees that half of our time is either spent recovering/reorganising from the previous General Assembly or preparing for the next one. Having a quadrennium would make for more productive time at the State and International levels.
I’m sure we could come up with meetings that would fill the void without having to mandate them in the Minutes.
THE MISSING ITEM FROM THE AGENDA
The one item that I would like to see on the agenda–and many others I’ve talked to agree with this–is the reduction in the number of members of the Executive Committee from five to three. Grandfathering current members is fine. The reduction in cost would go a long way to offset the reductions in the tithe on tithe that has caused such dislocation of late.
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Where Two or Three Gather Together, There Will be Politics
Sarah Hey’s piece on @standfirm on the necessity of ACNA’s people getting involved in their church’s politics reminds me of something that took place when I started to work for Church of God Lay Ministries and Paul L. Walker was our Presiding Bishop. Walker was a successful pastor in Atlanta before he moved onto the Executive Committee so he didn’t get there through the usual cursus honorum that characterises many people in the leadership of the Church of God. Nevertheless he was wise in the ways of the church; he stated at a gathering of International Office employees that “where two or three gather together, there will be politics”.
He was preaching to the choir; we were all too aware of that fact, as was anyone who worked in the church. That’s especially true in a centralised/episcopal type of church government, which ours is and which is also true of the Episcopal Church and the Anglican Church in North America (ACNA, although the last has dispensed with centralised ownership of the property).
For me, one of the largest legacies of being in the Church of God has been an opportunity to see just how denominational and church politics work from the inside, an opportunity that probably wouldn’t have happened if I had stayed either Episcopalian or Roman Catholic. Turning to the ACNA, Hey is right: just because we don’t think politics have any place in the church doesn’t mean that they won’t happen or that the course of the church won’t be affected by the results.
I have to admit that I was amused by this line:
Far more parishes in my diocese alone lost that core of 30-40 parishioners and now can only afford part-time clergy. Along with those consequences comes a lot of heightened rhetoric—now—about the glories of multi-career clergy and “yoked” parishes and “lay-focused ministry” and all sorts of other self-serving theological babble mostly designed to paper over the fact that there are fewer full-time jobs for clergy because there are fewer parishes that are able to afford full-time clergy because, in a phrase, there are now far far far fewer parishioners to pledge.
Having worked in a lay ministry department of a church with many bi-vocational pastors, I got a chuckle out of this. The issue isn’t the idea but the timing: when your church is going downhill fast, it’s a little late to discover the laity and their ministry potential unless you’re really ready to empower them within the church itself.
Centralised/episcopal churches have a bad habit of investing their clergy with powers and position the New Testament doesn’t, ranging from the keys to the kingdom (Roman Catholicism) to the concentrated anointing concept (Pentecostal,) where only the pastor and perhaps a few others in the church really hold the power of God to dispense same to others. The result is that the lay people tend to become passive participants in the life of the church, leaving the driving to someone else.
That, of course, is what got the Episcopal Church in trouble. The run downhill began in the seminaries, where the academics who resided there cast doubt on the veracity of just about every Christian tenet (and the source of those tenets) they could find. They then sent a clergy with more education but far lower compensation than their parishioners, which in addition to the corrosive effects of their education gave them a sense of both isolation and deprivation. So they used a “social justice” movement to shame their congregations about their superior state. And of course they worked the system, making sure that like-minded people moved up in the church.
Lay people, finding church politics both unfamiliar and uncongenial (and sometimes lacking standing in the process), let these people have their way. The results in TEC–both in terms of those who ended up controlling the church and those who left–speak for themselves.
Now ACNA is about to choose a new Archbishop. It’s true that political changes such as the ones that transformed TEC aren’t solely effected by leadership choices. We as Americans have become obsessed with leadership to the point where we are blind to the “behind of scenes” things that make leadership changes the end of the process and not the start.
But my message to the laity of ACNA is simple: don’t just sit there. Become informed and make that knowledge known in the process. Don’t let self-important clergy lead you around by the nose. And don’t let them tell you that the role of the laity is to just go outside of the church and do laity type ministry: it’s not an either/or situation. A laity with an active role inside of the church is more likely to want to reach outward with enthusiasm and bring people in to a place where they like to be.
The purpose of ACNA is to remedy the disaster of TEC. Don’t let it become part of the problem. As I said in my piece on Tory Baucum:
What was the point of secession, of the cost of litigation and for most of the losers relocation, when you’re just going to throw in the towel? And, to get back to the key issue, what’s the purpose of a church whose beliefs are little different from the world around it?
